Warren Wilson College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores

How Social Inequalities Affect A Person S Experience Of...

The aim of this essay is to look at how social inequalities affect a person`s experience of drug and alcohol dependency and their potential for recovery or successful treatment. Due to social inequality people are ostracised from society, these individuals who are stigmatised and suffer discrimination are often the poor as opposed to the hierarchy who have better opportunities in life. Social Inequality refers to the way individuals in society are labelled regarding their status. This could be their citizenship, location or other factors such as age, gender or class. This essay will look at social inequalities and who experiences them, however the main focus will be on those with drug and alcohol dependencies and how stigma and marginalisation are attached to them. Additionally the essay will look at some of the reasons why the stigma attached to someone dependent on drugs or alcohol can create barriers to accessing treatment and impact on their recovery. There are two main areas for social inequality, one being the equality of conditions, the other being income and material possessions. (Lewis 2011) The poor are being blamed for their own poverty and have been labelled as scroungers who prefer to receive benefits than earn a living. In actual fact a large number of people living in poverty are working, these are usually long hours for minimum wages. Housing is also typical of social inequality, in particular the homeless or those who are in hostels. The poorer communitiesShow MoreRelatedHsc Level 5 Unit 534 Essay14626 Words   |  59 PagesCandidate Performance Evidence Record | | NVQ Title and Level: Health and Social Care level 5 Unit 534 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... Candidate Name: Rafal Gac †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................... Use this form to record details of activities (tick as appropriate) Observed by your assessor | | Professional discussion | | Evidence ref:Unit numbers: | Seen by an expert witness | | Product evidence observed | | | Seen by a witness | | Assignment/ ProjectOther__________________Read MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesInternational Fund for Agricultural Development Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty * Rural Poverty Portal * Contact us * Employment scam * Site map * Copyright * Subscribe * What s new * Accessibility ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form * Home * About * Operations * Development effectiveness * Evaluation * From the field * Partners * Topics * Newsroom * Events Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTopics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 CriticalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard

English for Specific Purposes Free Essays

Business English is English language especially related to international trade. It is a part of English for Specific Purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching; for example, the teachers’ organization IATEFL has a special interest group called BESIG. Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries, or with companies located outside the Anglo sphere but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca. We will write a custom essay sample on English for Specific Purposes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers. In cases such as these, the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication. The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored, when, for example, a stressed negotiator’s only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible. (See linguist Braj Kashru’s theory of the â€Å"expanding circle†. ) Business English means different things to different people, For some, it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. Also read  Modules 9 ; 10 For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations, meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and so on. In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English, for example, high school students preparing to enter the job market. It can also be a form of international English. It is possible to study Business English at college and university; institutes around the world have on offer courses (modules) in BE which can even lead to a degree in the subject. How to cite English for Specific Purposes, Papers English for Specific Purposes Free Essays 2 The development of ESP The best laid schemes o’ mice and men Gang aft a-gley. (Robert Burns) From its early beginnings in the 1960s ESP has undergone three main phases of development. It is now in a fourth phase with a fifth phase starting to emerge. We will write a custom essay sample on English for Specific Purposes or any similar topic only for you Order Now We shall describe each of the five phases in greater detail in later chapters, but it will provide a useful perspective to give a brief summary here. It should be pointed out first of all that ESP is not a monolithic universal phenomenon. ESP has developed at different speeds in different countries, and examples of all the approaches we shall describe can be found operating somewhere in the world at the present time. Our summary must, therefore, be very general in its focus. It will be noticeable in the following overview that one area of activity has been particularly important in the development of ESP. This is the area usually known as EST (English for Science and Technology). Swales (1985) in fact uses the development of EST to illustrate the development of ESP in general: ‘With one or two exceptions†¦ English for Science and Technology has always set and continues to set the trend in theoretical discussion, in ways of analysing language, and in the variety of actual teaching materials. ‘ We have not restricted our own illustrations to EST in this book, but we still need to acknowledge, as Swales does, the pre-eminent position of EST in the ESP story. 1. The concept of special language: register analysis This stage took place mainly in the 1960s and early 1970s and was associated in particular with the work of Peter Strevens (Haliiday, Mcintosh and Strevens, 1964), Jack Ewer (Ewer and Latorre, 1969) and John Swales (1971). Operating on the basic principle that the English of, say, Electrical Engineering constituted a specific register different from that of, say, Biology or of General English, the aim of the analysis was to identify the grammatical and lexical features of these registers Teaching materials then took these linguistic features as their syllabus A good example of such a syllabus is that of A Course in Basic Scientific-English by Ewer and Latorre (1969) (see below p. 26). In fact, as Ewer and Latorre’s syllabus shows, egister analysis revealed that there was very little that was distinctive in the sentence grammar of Scientific English beyond a tendency to favour particular forms such as the present simple tense, the passive voice and nominal compounds. It did not, for example, reveal any forms that were not found in General English. But we must be wary of making unfair criticism. Although there was an academic interest in the nature of registers of English per se, the main motive b ehind register analyses such as Ewer and Latorre’s was the pedagogic one of making the ESP course more relevant to learners’ needs. The aim was to produce a syllabus which gave high priority to the language forms students would meet in their Science studies and in turn would give low priority to forms they would not meet, Ewer and Hughes-Davies (1971), for example, compared the language of the texts their Science students had to read with the language of some widely used school textbooks. They found that the school textbooks neglected some of the language forms commonly found in Science texts, for example, compound nouns, passives, conditionals, anomalous finites (i. e. mod-.! verbs). Their conclusion was that the ESP course should, therefore, give precedence to these forms. 2. Beyond the sentence: rhetorical or discourse or analysis There were, as we shall see, serious flaws in the register analysis-based syllabus, but, as it happened, register analysis as a research procedure was rapidly overtaken by developments in the world of linguistics. Whereas in the first stage of its development, ESP had focussed on language at the sentence level, the second phase of development shifted attention to the level above the sentence, as ESP became closely involved with the emerging field of discourse or rhetorical analysis. The leading lights in this movement were Henry Widdowson in Pritain and the so-called Washington School of Larry Seiinker, Louis Trimble, John Lackstrom and iMary Todd-Trimble in the United States. The basic hypothesis of this stage is succinctly expressed by Allen and Widdowson (1974): ‘We take the view that the difficulties which the students encounter arise not so much from a defective knowledge of the system of English, but from an unfamiliarity with English use, and that consequently their needs cannot be met by a course which simply provides further practice in the composition of sentences, but only by one which evelops a knowledge of how sentences are used in the performance of different communicative acts. ‘ Register analysis had focussed on sentence grammar, but now attention shifted to understanding how sentences were combined in discourse to produce meaning. The concern of research, therefore, was to identity†-â€Å"the organisational~patterns in texts a nd to specify the linguistic means by which these patterns are signaled. These patterns would then form the syllabus of the ESP course. The Rhetotical Process Chart below (from EST: A Discourse Approach by L. uis Trimble (1985)) is representative of this approach: LevelDescription ol level A The objectives fl the total discourse EXAMPLES 1. Detailing an experiment 2. Making a recommendation 3. Presenting new hypotheses or Theory 4. Presenting other types of EST information B The genera! rhetorical functions that develop the objectives of Level A EXAMPLES 1. Staling purpose 2. Reporting past research 3. Staling the problem 4. Presenting information on apparatus used in an experiment – a) Description b) Operation 5. Presenting information on experimental proceaures C. The specilic rhetorical functions that develop the general rhetorical functions of Level B EXAMPLES’ 1. Description: physical, function, and process 2. Definition 3. Classification 4. instructions 5Visuat-verbal relationships D. The rhetorical techniques thai provide relationships within and between the rhetorical units of Level C EXAMPLES: I Orders 1. Time order 2. Space order 3. Causality and result II Patterns 1. Causality and result 2. Order of importance 3. Comparison and contrast . Analogy 5. Exemplification 6. Illustration rhetorical patterns of text organisation differed significantly between specialist areas of use: the thetorical structure of science texts was tegarded as different from that of commercial texts, for example. However, this point was never very clearly examined (see Swales, 1985, pp. 70-1) and indeed paradoxically, the results of the tesearch into the discourse of subject-specific academic texts were also used to make obsetvations about discourse in general (Widdowson, 1978). The typical teaching matetials based on the discourse approach taught students to recognise textual patterns and discourse markers mainly by means of text-diagramming exercises (see below p. 36). The English in Focus series (OUP) is a good example of this approach. 3 Target situation analysis The stage that we come to consider now did not really add anything new to the range of knowledge about ESP. What it aimed to do was to take the existing knowledge and set it on a more scientific basis, bv establishing procedures for relating language analysis more closely to learners’ reasons for learning. Given that the purpose of an ESP course is to enable learners to function adequately in a target situation, that is, the situation in which the learners will use the language they are learning, then the ESP course design process should proceed by first identifying the target situation and then carrying out a rigorous analysis of the linguistic features of that situation. The identified features will form the syllabus of the ESP course. This process is usually known as needs analysis. However, we prefer to take Chambers’ (1980) term of ‘target situation analysis’, since it is a more accurate description of the process concerned. The most thorough explanation of target situation analysis is the system set out by John Munby in Communicative Syllabus Design (1978). The Munby model produces a detailed profile of the learners’ needs in terms of communication purposes, communicative setting, the means of communication, language skills, functions, structures etc. (see below p. 55). The target situation analysis stage marked a certain ‘coming of age† for ESP. What had previously been done very much in a piecemeal way was now systematised and learner need was apparently placed at the centre of the course design process. It proved in the event to be a false dawn. As we shall see in the following chapters, the concept of needs that it was based on was far too simple 4. Skills and strategies We noted that in the first two stages of the development of ESP all the analysis had been of the surface forms of the language (whether at sentence level, as in register analysis, of above, as in discourse analysis). The target situation analysis approach did not really change this, because in its analysis of learner need it still looked mainly at the surface linguistic features of the target situation. The fourth stage of ESP has seen an attempt to look below the surface and to consider not the language itself but the thinking processes that underlie language use. There is no dominant figure in this movement, although we might mention the work of Francoise Grellet (1981), Christine Nuttall (1981) and Charles Alderson and Sandy Urquhart 19S4 as having made significant contributions to work on reading skills. Most of the work in the area of skills and strategies, however, has been done close to the ground in schemes such as the National ESP Project in Brazil (see below p. 171) and the University of Malaya ESP Project I see ELT Documents 107 and Skills for Learning published by Nelson and the University of Malaya Press). Both these projects were set up to cope with study situations where the medium of instruction is the mother tongue but students need to read a number of specialist texts which are available only in English. The projects have, therefore, concentrated their efforts on reading strategies. The principal idea belli rid the skills-centred approach is that underlying all language use there are common reasoning and interpreting processes, which, regardless of the surface forms, enable us to extract meaning from discourse. There is, therefore, no need to focus closely on the surface forms of the language. The focus should rather be on the underlying interpretive strategies, which e nable the learner to cope with the surface forms, for example guessing the meaning of words from context, using visual layout to determine the type of text, exploiting cognates (i. e. ords which are similar in the mother tongue and the target language) etc. A focus on specific subject registers is unnecessary in this approach, because the underlying processes are not specific to any subject register. ‘ It was argued that reading skills are not language-specific but universal and that there is a core of language (for example, certain structures of argument and forms of presentation) which can be identified as † academic † and which is not subject-specific’ (Chitravelu, 1980) * It is interesting to note, however, that not all such projects have such a locus. The ESP proiect at King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand, for example, has to cope with a very similar study situation, but the focus here is on the full range of skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking). As kas bee »-noted, in terms of materials this approach generally puts the enpkaszs on reading or listening strategies. The characteristic exercises get the learners to reflect on and analyse how meaning is i »iOfJTTr1 in and retrieved from written or spoken discourse. Taking char cue bom cognitive learning theories (see below p. 43), the language kaifJS are treated as thinking beings who can be asked to observe and ve*fcalrse the mtetpretive processes they employ in language use. 5 A learning-centred approach in outlining the origins of ESP (pp. 6-8), we identified three forces, which we might characterise as need, new ideas about language and new ideas about learning. It should have become clear that in its subsequent development, however, scant attention has been paid to the last of these forces – learning. All of the stages outlined so far have been fundamentally flawed, in that they are all based on descriptions of language use. Whether this description is of surface forms, as in the case of register analysis, or of underlying processes, as in the skills and strategies approach, the concern in each case is with describing what people do with language. But our concern in ESP is not with language use – although this will help to define the course objectives. Our concern is with language learning. We cannot simply assume that describing and exemplifying whar people do with language will enable someone to learn it. If that were so. we would need to do no more than read a grammar book and a dictionary in order to learn a language. A truly valid approach to ESP must be based on an undetstandmg of the processes of language learning. This brings us to the fifth stage of ESP development – the learning-centred approach, which will form the^nbii^t^oftJTis _bopk. The importance and the implications oTtfie distinction that we have made between language use and language learning will hopefully become clear as we proceed through the following chaptets. How to cite English for Specific Purposes, Papers

Corporate Finance

Question: Explain analysis of financial performance. Answer: Introduction: The given assignment is about an Australian company, ABC Learning Limited, a childcare service provider that achieved a dramatic growth the mid 2000s but it was liquidated voluntarily in the year 2008 and taken over by GoodStart Childcare in 2009 . The company is operating in New Zealand, U.S. and U.K. apart from Australia where ABC limited had occupied 25% of the total domestic market. The following study representing the analysis of financial performance of ABC Limited in the period 2000 as well as the non-financial strategic issues the company was facing. The financial analysis on the performance of the company is to be done by evaluating important financial and profitability significant ratios, capital structure and debt structure in connection to the failure of the company. Discussion: 1. Analysis of financial performance Financial performance of any company is a subjective measure through which it can be determined about the maximum utility of its assets in order to generate revenue and maintain growth and stability (Dittmar and Duchin 2016). This section of the study is comprised of evaluation of financial data of ABC limited for the years ended June 2005, June 2006 and June 2007 by considering key ratios- Profitability and financial that includes cash flow ratios, earnings ratios, asset management ratios, debt-borrowing ratios. From the given data it can be observed that the net profit margin of the company in the year 2005 was 14.61%, 13.22% in the year 2006 and 8.73% in the year 2007. This percentage shows decline in revenue generation of ABC approximately by 1.5 % from the year 2005 to 2006 but in the year 2007 the net profit declined with a high percentage of around 5.5%. Secondly, Earning before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) margin also showing huge decline in the year 2007 compared to the financial year 2006 and 2005. The EBIT margin in the year 2007 dropped to 16.74% from 22.98% in the year 2006 and 24.98% in the year 2005. Thirdly, another important factor for the analysis of financial performance is return on equity, return on assets and return on invested capital. According to the data of ABC limited provided for the three years 2005, 2006 and 2007 in appendix, the following results have been observed: Ratios 2005 2006 2007 Return on Equity 3.99% 4.30% 7.53% Return on Assets 3.28% 4.08% 5.11% Return on Invested Capital 5.55% 5.92% 6.32% The above table shows the increase in the return on equity, assets and invested capital over the three years, which was a positive sign even though the company was experiencing decline in the net profit margin and earnings margin. Return on equity indicates how much a company is providing profit to its investors and equity share holders whereas return on asset indicates the utilization capacity of the company from its underlying and owned assets. Further, return on invested capital indicates the income generating capacity from the capital invested by the company (Charlo, Moya and Muoz 2015). From the above table it can be observed that ABC Learning Limited had incurred increased rate of return over the years unlike gross and net profit margin. This implies that the efficiency of ABC in generating return for its operations as well as for satisfying the investors were quite good. On the other hand, the financial ratios used to analyze the performance of ABC Limited are current ratios, quick ratios, cash ratios, return on sales ratios apart from the profitability ratios mentioned above. These ratios can be determined as per the data provided in the appendix. Current ratio is determined by considering the current assets and current liabilities of ABC Learning Limited that is working capital ratio. In the given data working capital and revenue ratios given for the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 are -1.59%, 0.07% and -8.54% respectively. These results imply that ABC limited was not utilizing its working capital efficiently for generating its revenue. In the year 2007, the ratio declined with a huge difference and resulted to -8.5% while it was 0.07% in the year 2006. It can be said that ABC Learning Limited was declining in its performance and efficiency in respect to utilization of its assets and cash funds for generating revenues and profit that eventually affected its growth and sustainability in the later years. From the above analysis from the part (a) it is observed that ABC Learning Limited incurred negative profit margin in the later years of the its business i.e. in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 that indicates that the company was incurring losses or less profits on its operation of business. The decline in the revenue generation was more in the year 2007 in compared to the years 2005 and 2006. Further, it has also been observed that ABC Limited incurred negative working capital to revenues in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 that interprets the less efficiency in the performance and utilization of its current assets and current liabilities. Working capital indicates the availability of short-term funds so that a company can meet its short-term obligations and contingencies in order to run the business smoothly (Ortas, Gallegoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Alvarez and lvarez Etxeberria 2015). Apart from the above-mentioned negative ratios, it is observed that ABC Learning Limited had earned positive return on equity, return on assets and return on the capital invested by the company that indicates the earnings of company as a percentage of the total worth of interest of investors and owners. Whereas return on assets indicates, the total earning of the company as a percentage of total assets employed and return on invested capital is the percentage measurement of the profit or income earned by the company out of the value of capital invested (Lins, Servaes and Tamayo 2015). From the data of the financial years 2005, 2006 and 2007 it was noticed that ABC limited was earning returns in a positive and increasing trend that represents the utilization of the assets and capital employment to the fullest. Moreover, the current ratio of the company in the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 is 1.57, 1.81 and 0.27 respectively while quick ratio is 1.5, 1.77 and 0.27 respectively. This result indicates that the companys ability to meet its current obligations in the year 2005 and 2006 is according to the industrial standards that are more than one but it is not best, as the ratios are less than two. Whereas in the year 2007 the both current ratio and quick ratio are less than one that indicates the danger state of the ABC limiteds ability to pay off its current liabilities. In context to the above stated indications on the financial performance of ABC limited it can be commented that the company should utile its assets and short- term and current funds so that the current obligations could be met. Apart from this, it is also suggested that ABC could lower its cost of providing service without compromising on the quality so that the net profit margin could be increased. According to the information available, ABC Learning Centres Limited was found to liquidate voluntarily in the year 2008 and sold to GoodStart Childcare in the year 2009, the capital structure as per the latest financial year ended on 30th June 2007 is available. The capital employment of the company at the time of its liquidation comprised of Issued capital, reserves and retained earnings. The issued capital of ABC limited was around $1,744.5 million, reserves stood at $2.8 million and retained earnings amounted to $ (17.2) million. On the other hand, the capital structure of the company in the previous financial year 30th June 2006 was $1,635.0 million, reserves stood at $0.5 million and retained earnings amounted to $4.1 million. It was observed that the company-incurred huge loss in earnings in the year 2007 compared to that in the year 2006. Whereas, the reserves in the financial year 2006 was $0.5 million and that in 2007 it was $2.8 million. This data indicates that in the financial 2006, ABC had not transferred its earnings to reserves while in the year 2007 retained earnings showed negative balance but quite high balance in the reserves. Hence, it can be said that the company either transferred its earnings to its reserved fund and accordingly, represented negative balance on the other hand, the company if actually earned loss and carried forward its reserve fund balance from the previous financial year that seems impossible because the reserve balance in previous year 2006 was only $0.5 million. It has also been noticed that the there has been changes in the issued equity capital of the company in 2007. During the financial year 2006- 2007, the company had issued share based payment options due to that the equity capital of ABC limited had increased in the financial year 2007 before its liquidation. The strategies of the shareholders in this context were that the investors were positive about the return from the company and therefore, they invested further in the year 2006- 2007. The company also declared and paid dividend to the shareholders out of its retained earnings that are another reason shareholders were keen to invest in the shares of ABC Limited that were more in the financial year 2007 than in the years 2006 and 2005. Debt structure of ABC Learning Centre limited consisted of long-term debts and short-term debts that increased in each of the financial years of the company. In the financial year 2004-2005 the companys, long term debt $195.66 million that increased to $234.88 million in the year 2005-2006 and $ 610.40 million in the year 2006-2007. On the hand, short-term debt amounted to $4.45 million in the year 2005 that increased to $8.06 million in the year 2006 and $ 1,149.70 million in the year 2007. The above debt structure shows the huge increment in the debt funding of the company in the year 2007 compared to the previous years. It can be said that the company adopted this increased strategy in debt funding so that ABC Learning centre limited can leverage its capital structure. Further, it is also noticed that in order to operate its business and service and due to low amount of reserve fund balance the company adopted to borrow short term and long term funds that also helps to lower the cost of capital of the company. However, this strategy by a company is not advisable as the obligation to meet the short-term liability is not sufficient as the companys current ratio in the financial year 2007 is below 1 that means the efficiency of ABC to meet its obligation is not sufficient and eventually company had to decide to liquidate its business. In the above section of the solution, it was noted down that ABC Learning Centre Limited had borrowed funds in the financial years 2006, 2007 but in the year 2007 the company had borrowed huge amount of funds whereas earnings of the company resulted into negative balance. Moreover, the current ratio and quick ratio of the company was 0.27 that is quite less than the standard requirement in the industry while financial leverage in the year 2007 was 213.88%. On analyzing these data, it can be said that there was no consistency in the financial position, capital structure and working capital in the performance of the company. Additionally, profitability ratios that is net profit margin, earnings before interest and taxes margin, earnings before interest taxes and depreciation margin also discloses results in declining percentage in the year 2007 compared to that in the years 2005 and 2006. Further, percentage of working capital to revenue and working capital turnover also discloses nega tive balance. On evaluation of the above stated data, it is clear that ABC Learning Centre Limited faced financial and revenue generation in the years of 2000s. The financial performance of the company in the year 2007 seemed to be very poor that indicates one of the reasons of liquidate the business. Apart from that, the company also increased its financial leverage with a high increase in percentage. According to the management systems of an enterprise, it is a good financial strategy to leverage its capital funds but to certain limit whereas the selected company ABC Learning centre in this case adopted in high financial leverage strategy that is a negative management and business operating strategy. In order to manage the capital structure better, the finance team and management of ABC Learning Centre Limited are required to take certain steps to change the policy of funding their capital structure (Allen, Carletti and Marquez 2015). In the first place, the management is required to lower its debt funding values in the year 2007 so that the obligation to pay back the debts is reduced. Secondly, if the company wants to increase the capital component the management can do so by issue of ordinary securities that will lower its cost of capital employed. Additionally, ABC limited can also issue debentures at a standard interest rate instead of borrowed funds at high rate of interest. Thirdly, the company should maintain its retained earnings with positive balance that can be done by transferring lower balance to the reserve funds. 2. Analysis of strategic issues Apart from the financial strategies that faced by the ABC limited, there were non- financial strategic issues faced by the company in terms of social and political terms. In this context, it was observed that the ABC Learning Centre Limited failed to comply with internal control norms and internal risks that were associated with the valuations in connection with the operation of its business and services (Elsas and Florysiak 2015). Further, in relation to compliance of corporate laws and regulations as well as certain political norms can hamper the continuity of the operation of its business. It is very important for any company to follow the non-financial strategic issues apart from the financial issues so that the company can maintain its growth and sustainability in the market industry (Bernaoui, Issolah and Hassoun 2015). These issues can be quality of the service providing by the company, marketing strategy, compliance of the rules and principles for its employees etc (Sundaresan, Wang and Yang 2015). In case of ABC limited, child learning and care service provider the most important factor is the employee or man power therefore, the focus of the company should be on the fulfillment of basic requirements in regard to the compensation packages, proper work infrastructure, etc so that employees get motivation to work with the organization. Another issue that can be addressed is the focus on satisfying the needs of the clients and society that is providing them with better quality of service and benefits (Schepens 2016). As ABC limited was engaged in learning and care service provider hence it should focused on providing developmental issues, education awareness among the society, compliance of rules and regulations and duties as part of citizen of the society. According to the corporate laws and regulations, statutory reporting is the submission of financial statements that is mandatory for the use of shareholders and investors and government officials that has to be prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In case of failure of submission of the statutory report, there are certain penalties and compensations levied on the management of the company that varies from countries to countries (Paroutis, Franco and Papadopoulos 2015). In case of selected company, ABC Learning Centre Limited one of the reasons for its liquidation could be failure in submission of its statutory reports. In the financial year 2007- 2008 the company did not prepare its annual reports and hence could not file its statutory reports due to which there was no information and results of performance of company available to the shareholders, creditors, governments and other personnel of the company (Watts and Ormsby 2015). In order to get the proper information about the companys performance for the purpose of investments or recovering of borrowed funds and taxes financial statement plays an important role. Moreover, the finance providers to the company in terms of long- term and short- term debts, it is important to evaluate the companys revenue generation, utilization of the assets. In addition, availability of working capital to meet the short-term obligations and payment of interests on loan etc should be evaluated so that the finance provider can analyze the recoverable value and chances (Hinterhuber and Krauthammer 2015). In case of ABC limited as the company failed to provide the statutory reports, the finance providers were not able to relate the companys efficiency in repaying back the borrowed fund. ABC faced these important issues in the financial years 2000s that resulted the management to take a step to liquidate the company on voluntary decision in 2008 and sold to another learning company of Australia in December 2009. There are generally, four types of business model are manufacturing, Distributing, Retailing and Franchising. However, in case of service sector, manufacturing business model cannot be preferred but other three types can be considered. In order to get more success in business, the management of the company ABC limited could have opted franchising busing model. In this business model, the owner can sell the franchisee to other company or individual and the right to use and operate the business on behalf of the main company (Graham, Leary and Roberts 2015). Further, the franchisee should be transferred to the company or individual who is efficient in operating business and marketing strategy so that it can earn more profits and fulfill the compliance of reporting and other governmental requirements. On the other hand, the capital structure of the company is also required to be changed by issuing ordinary shares or debentures either on face value or at premium as well as the debt funding should be reduced so that the obligation to repay off the debt burden could be reduced. Apart from that, working capital of the company should also be maintained so that the current ratio can be increased. Moreover, in relation to political and governmental issues, ABC limited can apply for the governmental assistance as its core business is learning and care to children but for this assistance, the company should comply with the requirements of filing returns, payment of tax liabilities and other requirements on time. In order to enter into the childcare industry an entrepreneur might require facing certain barriers that can be structural barrier, strategic barrier or financial barrier (Hipp, Bernhardt and Allmendinger 2015). Structural barrier refers to the format of conducting the foster business in terms of different departments like care takers department, financing department, materials suppliers, place of business management etc (Patrick, Stephens and Weinstein 2016). It is very important for a business to plan and structure its operations well so that the business can sustain in the long run. Secondly, strategic barrier is another barrier that is faced in child care market. Strategic barrier is related to the types of childcare service to be provided, infrastructure facility, fulfillment of basic needs in context to prove education and other skills (White 2016). Thirdly, financial management could also be the important barrier to be taken care of by the service providers so that their cost of service could be lower without affecting the quality and revenue generation could be higher so that a decent amount of profit can be plough back to the business (Pilarz, Claessens and Gelatt 2016). As per the discussion it can be concluded that the above mentioned barriers are primary barriers that every marketer should analyze before entering into the child care market, therefore considered to be high. This is because this industry is related to the care, protection and education of children that is quite sensitive and hence the business owners should pay heed to these important factors. 3. Executive Summary and Conclusions: The conclusion of ABC Learning Centers Limited in relation to the financial performance can be made that the company in the years of 2000, were declining. The company was generating losses and negative returns as well as low maintenance of funds that affected its sustainability. Apart from that, the company faced strategic issues in relation to the compliance of statutory regulations, corporation laws and principles that resulted in negative impact to its stakeholders. On considering these issues, it was recommended that the company could restructure its capital employment by issuing ordinary shares or debentures instead of borrowing long term debts at high interest rates. The company could also restructure its financial position by asking its creditors to waive of certain amount of amounts outstanding. Moreover, it is true that every business enterprise have to face certain basic barriers in the industry before and after entering the market that needs to evaluated and addressed properly in order to grow and sustain in the market. Child care industry is an industry that faces most difficulties before entering into the market as it involves faith of the children and parents at the same time. Childcare market is one of the sensitive industry because its a service provider to the young and minor children who mostly experience ignorance, abuse and negligence at their home and hence the parents opt for foster care services for the childs care, protection and development. Hence, Childcare business and service providers should properly plan their business and accordingly execute the same. Reference List: Allen, F., Carletti, E. and Marquez, R., 2015. Deposits and bank capital structure.Journal of financial economics,118(3), pp.601-619. Bernaoui, R., Issolah, R. and Hassoun, M., 2015. Strategic Issues of a Value-added Information System for Higher Education in Algeria.Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business,15(1), pp.57-66. Charlo, M.J., Moya, I. and Muoz, A.M., 2015. Sustainable development and corporate financial performance: a study based on the FTSE4Good IBEX index.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(4), pp.277-288. Dittmar, A. and Duchin, R., 2016. Looking in the Rearview Mirror: The Effect of Managers' Professional Experience on Corporate Financial Policy.Review of Financial Studies,29(3), pp.565-602. Elsas, R. and Florysiak, D., 2015. Dynamic capital structure adjustment and the impact of fractional dependent variables.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(05), pp.1105-1133. Graham, J.R., Leary, M.T. and Roberts, M.R., 2015. A century of capital structure: The leveraging of corporate America.Journal of Financial Economics,118(3), pp.658-683. Hinterhuber, H.H. and Krauthammer, E., 2015. Leadership-Verantwortung: Kernprodukte/Kerndienstleistungen und Strategic Issues. InLeadershipmehr als Management(pp. 59-71). Gabler Verlag. Hipp, L., Bernhardt, J. and Allmendinger, J., 2015. Institutions and the prevalence of nonstandard employment.Socio-Economic Review,13(2), pp.351-377. Lins, K.V., Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2015. Social Capital, Trust, and Firm Performance: The Value of Corporate Social Responsibility during the Financial Crisis.European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)-Finance Working Paper, (446). Ortas, E., Gallegoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Alvarez, I. and lvarez Etxeberria, I., 2015. Financial factors influencing the quality of corporate social responsibility and environmental management disclosure: A quantile regression approach.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(6), pp.362-380. Paroutis, S., Franco, L.A. and Papadopoulos, T., 2015. Visual interactions with strategy tools: producing strategic knowledge in workshops.British Journal of Management,26(S1), pp.S48-S66. Patrick, C., Stephens, H. and Weinstein, A., 2016. Where are all the self-employed women? Push and pull factors influencing female labor market decisions.Small Business Economics,46(3), pp.365-390. Pilarz, A.R., Claessens, A. and Gelatt, J., 2016. Patterns of child care subsidy use and stability of subsidized care arrangements: Evidence from Illinois and New York.Children and Youth Services Review,65, pp.231-243. Schepens, G., 2016. Taxes and bank capital structure.Journal of Financial Economics,120(3), pp.585-600. Sundaresan, S., Wang, N. and Yang, J., 2015. Dynamic investment, capital structure, and debt overhang.Review of Corporate Finance Studies,4(1), pp.1-42. Watts, L.R. and Ormsby, J.G., 2015. The effect of operational and strategic planning on small firm performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,1(2), pp.27-35. White, L.A., 2016. The United States in Comparative Perspective: Maternity and Parental Leave and Child Care Benefits Trends in Liberal Welfare States.Yale Journal of Law Feminism,21(1), p.8.

Jesus Superiority to All Things Jewish in the Epistle to the Hebrews free essay sample

.To what, exactly, is Jesus superior? What is the authors point in underscoring this? The author of Hebrews writes to encourage believers to stand strong in their faith and to not fall away from following God. The book is also written to encourage people and to explain where Jesus falls in the line of superiority. Hebrews discusses how the Jewish laws are full of flaws and doesn’t lead people to a relationship with God. It also notes that some Old Testaments prophets were aware of the laws imperfections and how they made mention of a new covenant. (Ehrman 300) The main theme of the Epistle to the Hebrews is that Jesus is the superiority over Prophets, Angels, Moses, Joshua and the Jewish Priesthood. Jesus is above all of these because he paid the ultimate sacrifice once and for all when he died on the cross covering all sins. The reason the author continues to declare, â€Å"Christ and faith in him are superior to anything that Judaism can offer† is â€Å"to convince his listeners not to convert to Judaism† (Ehrman 307). We will write a custom essay sample on Jesus Superiority to All Things Jewish in the Epistle to the Hebrews or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the Hebrews, it wasn’t possible to know God and then â€Å"fall away† for if this did occur, you didn’t truly find salvation in the first place. (Towles, Lesson on Hebrews) The author wrote to encourage Christians to stand strong for no matter the persecution they faced and assumed them they will receive an award in the end.

Ligation essays

Ligation essays The court system was derived to pass laws and settle disputes. With the rapid growth of population a strong judicial system is needed to maintain stability in our country. In this essay I am going to discuss the methods of mediation. I will explain the purpose of mediation, as well as the procedures and advantages. Following I will explain the civil litigation process from the state level through the Supreme Court. Which court makes what decision and what the plaintiff and defendant can do about it. The Equal Employment Opportunity (EEOC) is dedicated to use different means to obtain resolution for disputes. Methods in which can cost tax payers substantial less, than a conventional trail. This gives parties a chance to stat their claims without the expensive lawyer fees and lengthy court appearance. Mediation is a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution that is offered by the United State. Mediation is the process where a neutral party aids two opposing parties in the resolution of a dispute. The Mediation is voluntary among the disputing parties. This process ultimately gives the opposing parties a chance to discuss all factors to obtain an arrangement or a speedy compromise. This course of action is confidential; the information does not get disclosed to any other parties outside the plaintiff and defendant. According to the EEOC initially a representative will contact the employee and empower concerning their participation in the program. If both parties agree, a mediation session will be conducted. Parties will have a representative with the authority to resolve the problem. If one or both of the two parties needs formal representative, one well be appointed to them. This fairness is clearly an advantage in this costly process. If the mediation method is not a success, charg es will be investigated in accordance to the law. Here is some advantage of Mediation that arrived from the EEOC web site. ...

Gang Research Review Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gang Research Review - Term Paper Example and Meeker were able to find effective claims regarding the truth behind the reaction that the youth has on the changes happening in the society today. Truthfully, the world to which the youth grow up to today is a major presentation of worldwide liberation (458). A matter of concentration that is focused upon making amends as to how to teach the youngsters to be disciplined while actually let them live a life that they want is one of the highest concerns of the public today. Apparently, being born to a society of liberalization has made it harder for many youngsters today to actually see the real importance behind the truthful effects of freedom in their lives. No matter, the situation of the current society still suggests that there are still other reasons that could be pinpointed as to why and how gangs develop in the society. In the discussion that follows, one of the most important factors that brings about the possibility of gang developments in the society, peer pressure, shall be further discussed and clarified. The study of Cindy Ness (2004) on Why Girls Fight gives an evident source of understanding as to how and why gangs are receiving a warm welcome among the young communities today. According to this study, the researchers in the past felt that they had it all figured out. They had intently examined 200 children from their infancy through adolescence. They analyzed the parents, the home environment and the disposition of each child. Then they predicted which of these children would become happy adults. It seemed simple—a happy childhood under a pleasant family environment would produce a happy adult. After waiting till the children became 30 years of age, they re-interviewed them. This interview showed how girls and boys differ in their views towards their peers and how they view the acceptance given to them by the group they ought to belong to. (33) In connection with the study of Jodi Lane and James Meeker’s Fear of Gang Crimes, Cindy

Project Management Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Project Management Best Practices - Essay Example Though PM inherits many methods and features of general management, but that does not indicate that it is similar to dealing with general management. Practical PM skills helps in completion of projects in a timely and efficient manner and encompass proven strategies for clarifying project objectives, avoiding serious omission errors and eliminating costly mistakes. PM encompass two dimensions, project planning and project execution. Each of these dimensions consists of five activities. "Project planning consists of subdivision of work into smaller chunks, quantification, allocating appropriate sequencing of work, proper funding and scheduling" (Howes 2001, p. 15). "Whereas project execution entails costing, measuring project scope, variance tracking and change control, evaluating performance and measuring the extent to which the outcomes are productive" (ibid). Project planning involves breaking down any project into smaller chunks or groups, and then analyse it in the light of its complexity how long each task will take and how each of these activities relate to one another. These relationships serve as the backbone of the proje ct from which we can calculate the timing of each element, and anticipate the activities which seem vital to the success of the project (Reiss 1995, p. 46). Project management comprises of techniques and methods that are based on practical implications and are effectively planned and controlled by project coordinators or managers. The framework within which each of the business activities take place illustrate practical work environment based on the practices that are proven essential in the application of methodologies of modern PM. This is to ensure that credibility establishes and retains between a project manager and a client in such a manner that manager escorts the team to interact with client, so as to understand client's objectives, responsibilities and the need for consistent planning. The technical features of PM helps the managers to learn through trial and error that PM is an integrated series of processes and activities. When applied in a repetitive manner for more than single projects, helps managers to successfully escort a project to its completion. The need for integration among various project processes is evident wherever interfaces must be established for various subtasks to interact with each other. Various subtasks integrate in a situation when a project is required to be assigned to a specific delivery date without any regard for the overall project scope. In the meanwhile project manager identifies any risks or flaws resulting from the chosen approach and communicate that specification to the stakeholders. The project manager along with the stakeholders utilise that information to negotiate and reach to a conclusion on whether the schedule should be extended or it would be better to reduce the product scope to meet the original schedule (Dinsmore & Brewin, 2006, p. 70)2. Timed-Box Scheduling: This approach is used when results are required to produce in a short time span. It emphasises on the notion that projects can be scheduled faster if customers and developers are forced to produce results quickly. This is done by reanalysing deliverables and cut out

Popular Culture in the 60's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular Culture in the 60's - Essay Example Americans perceived watching TV as a means of passing time. In fact, any time people were not watching shows, they would be heard taking about them. Most shows of the time were mostly American although some BBC programs were run on the ABC. Television broadcast could now be done on a color TV, as opposed to black and white, which might explain why Americans liked watching TV than listening to radios. Some of the most popular TV shows targeting kids included ‘Walt Disney', 'Howdy Doody Time,' and 'Mickey Mouse Club, just to name but a few. Some of the popular comedies shows at the time included ‘Honeymooners,’ ''I Love Lucy' and ‘The Families of the Fifties. The way of presenting news also changed significantly from just news reading to presentation of videos of the news events. In addition, live broadcast also became widespread (Storey 9). Music also become common, particularly the Rock ‘n’ Roll, which was introduced in the 60s. At the time of in troduction, many parents perceived it a threat to the behaviors of the American teenagers. Country and western music also became very popular. Some notable popular artists and groups of this genre include Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Roy Lichtenstein, and David Hockney. In fact, the beetles could be heard almost everywhere as many people could be seen listening to music through pocket-sized transistor radios, portable record players and eight-track stereo in cars. Everyone with a radio could be seen singing alongside the thrilling quality of stereo FM broadcasts. Some of the biggest stars of the time include the Motown, the British Invasion, and San Francisco sounds (Farina and Candles par. 4). Research also indicates that the emergence of a rock band group known as the Beatles in 1964 brought about significant changes in music and fashion industry. His influence resulted in the emergence of long hair and beads and psychedelic clothing as new style. In this regard, both women and men like keeping their hair long as opposed to cutting them short. In addition, men considered keeping beads very fashionable. Women clothing were mainly psychedelic, in which most women saw short skirts to be very fashionable (Epstein 43). Drugs were also of great significance to Americans in the 1960s. For example, research shows that the lesergic acid diethylamide (LSD) played a huge role in making the sixties as significant as it is was. In this regard, LSD was used to help individuals to figure out things at a different angle that their psychedelic trance would grant them. Marijuana, which is also considered a drug was also commonly in use by the people of the 1960s. Even though marijuana has remained an illegal drug for several years, the people of the 1960s who were trying to establish new ways of exploring pleasure would smoke marijuana, despite being illegal (Enu and Kaisha 22). The use of psychedelic mushroom for experiments also became a very popular culture of the pe ople of the 1960s. Research shows that many Americans of the 1960s experimented with mushrooms in trying to get a new outlook of their world. As such, mushrooms were seen as a very precious food and drug (Oregon Public Broadcasting par. 2). The 1960s also ushered in new methods of cooking

Relationship Between Self Confidence Academic Performance

Relationship Between Self Confidence Academic Performance RESEARCH PROPOSAL Title: The Relationship between Students’ Self Confidence and Learning Achievements in Descriptive Writing of the Tenth Grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta, 2013/2014 Academic Year. The Background of The Research Language is a medium used by people to communicate with others. Lock states that language is a medium of human to communicate that including of words either spoken or written.[1] Through the language, people can easily share their ideas, opinions, and feelings to others, either in spoken or written expression. English is the language that is used by almost people in the world. Rose assumed that international experts calculated that about 400 million people use English as a second language.[2] Therefore, English is the most dominant language used by people in the world. In Indonesia, one of the goals in teaching English is developing students’ communication skill by using English covering four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. These four language skills have to be mastered by the students. In other words, learning English is aimed to make students to be able to use English in communication. Among the four skills, writing is viewed as the most difficult skill to be learned. According to Gorrel and Laird, â€Å"Writing requires thinking, and thinking is always complicated and hard.†[3] Therefore, it is clear that writing needs hard thinking in producing words, sentences, paragraphs and arranging them into a good sequence. In fact, the difficulties of writing also happened when the writer was doing training (PPL) in 41 Senior High School Jakarta. There are some factors that make writing becomes difficult for students. The psychology of the students can also influence the result of their learning achievement in writing. From the explanation above, the writer is interested in doing research to analyze the relationship between students’ self-confidence and learning achievements in descriptive writing of the tenth grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta. Therefore, the result of the research can be informed to the teacher as references in his/her teaching, what should be done in the future. The Scope of the Research In this research, the writer limits the analysis into the relationship between self-confidence and learning achievement’s students in writing especially in descriptive writing. The writer wants to make the questioner and written task form at tenth grade students of SMAN 41 Jakarta. The Problem of the Research Based on the explanation above, the writer formulates the problem as follows â€Å"Is there any significant relationship between students’ self-confidence and learning achievement in descriptive writing of the tenth grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta?† The Objective of the Research The objectives of this research is to find out the empirical data weather there is the significant relationship between students’ self-confidence and learning achievement in descriptive writing of the tenth grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta. Theoretical Framework Self-Confidence The Understanding of Self-Confidence Self-confidence is important for everyone, especially for students. According to Rakhmat, self-confidence is belief about ability himself/herself.[4] The key terms are belief, and himself/herself. Belief means the person has a faith about their ability. Himself/herself means being independent. It means self-confidence is something that is owned by people, and it makes them to believe their own ability. Rodgers in Koswara added self-confidence is the ability to make decisions and judgments without depending on others (independent).[5] The key terms is without depending on others. It means self-confidence is able to make decisions by their own selves. Hakim states, â€Å"Kepercayaan diri adalah suatu keyakinan seseorang terhadap segala aspek kelebihan yang dimilikinya dan keyakinan tersebut membuatnya merasa mampu untuk bisa mencapai berbagai tujuan di dalam hidupnya.†[6] In other words self-confidence is someone’s belief about all aspects that owned by themselves, and that belief makes them for being able to achieve something in their live. The key term is someone’s belief. Someone’s belief refers to someone who believes about their knowledge which then makes them to feel like they can do anything. It can be inferred that self-confidence is something that has someone about their competence which then makes them to feel like they can do anything. From those statements above, it can be concluded that self-confidence is something that someone has already had, and it seems like they can do anything while they have it without relying on others. The Characteristics of Self-Confidence Fatimah suggests some characteristics of self-confidence, there are:[7] Believe in the ability or competence of self, then not need praise, recognition, acceptance or respect from others. Not to be motivated to show the conformist attitude in order to be accepted by others. Dare to accept and face the rejection of others, dare to be yourself. Have a good self-control. Have a positive outlook about themselves, other people, and situations outside of them. Have a realistic expectations of themselves, so that when the expectations was realized, they were still able to see the positive side of themselves and the situation. Moreover, the characteristics of individuals who have self-confidence according to Hakim, they are:[8] Poised in doing something. Have the potential and ability of adequate. Be able to neutralize the tensions that arise in certain situations. Be able to adapt and communicate. Have the mental and physical condition of supporting the appearance. Have the sufficient intelligence. Have the sufficient level of formal education. Have the skills and other skills that support the life. Have the ability to socialize. Have the background of good family education. Have the life experience that forges mental and tenacity on variety of situations. Have the positive attitude in the face of problems. From those characteristics above, the students or individuals that have self-confidence are believe in the competence of self, dare to be yourself, have a good self-control, poised in doing something, be able to adapt and communicate, have the sufficient intelligence, have the ability to socialize, and have the positive attitude in the face of problems. Learning Achievement The Understanding of Learning According to Arthur in Syaiful defines that learning is a modification of behavior through experience and training.[9] The key term is modification of behavior. It means learning is a process that can change the behavior of someone through training and practicing. The second statement from Brown, â€Å"learning is acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a skill by study, experience, or instruction[10]†. It means learning is a process to get the knowledge by someone through study, experience, or instruction. The third definition comes from Good and Brophy in Purwanto, â€Å"Learning is the development of new associations as a result of experience.†[11] The key words are the development, and result of experience. The development refers to the process of the increasing knowledge from not knowing anything to know anything. Result of experience refers to something that the students face when they get the knowledge while they receive it. It can be inferred that learning is the process of getting the new knowledge when they study. From those definitions above, it can be concluded that learning is a process to get the knowledge or skill by studying or practicing. Moreover, it can change someone’s behavior. The Understanding of Achievement Soeito stated that achievement can be formulated as a relatively change of behavior as a result of experience in the past.[12] The key term is change of behavior. Change of behavior means the behavior of someone to be better. It can be summarized that achievement is something that can make the behavior of someone to be better as a result of their experienced. Travers added that achievement is the result of what an individual has learned from some educational experiences.[13] The key term is the result. The result means something which has been reached as an efforts. It can be summarized that achievement is something which has been reached as an efforts. Djamarah defined that achievement is the result of an activity that has been done, created, either individually or in a group.[14] The key term is has been done. Has been done means after the learning process. It can be inferred that achievement is the good result of an activity that has already done after the learning process by someone or in a group. From those definition above the writer concluded that achievement is something that individual earned after giving effort during the activity and it can also change the individual’s behavior. The Understanding of Learning Achievement By determining the previous description about learning and achievement. The writer concludes that learning achievement is something that individual earned after giving effort during the learning process, and it can also change the individual’s behavior. Writing The Understanding of Writing Writing is one kind of media that is used to communicate which is visible. Abrams states, â€Å"Writing is a visual form of communication, either printed in hard-copy or in electronic form.†[15] The key term is visual form; it means the writing is something that can be seen by the reader. Gould states, â€Å"†¦writing is not speech; it is careful arrangement of words on a page which has its own idioms and format and does not transcribe the informalities of speech performance.† The key terms are on a page, and format. On a page means the ideas that laid on a surface of paper. Format means the rules in writing. Therefore, it means writing are ideas that put on a page of paper which has the rules in writing. From two definitions above, it can be inferred from the first statement that writing is something which visible to the reader. While the second statement from Gould completes the first statement, writing is not speech which is arrangement of words on a page of paper that has the rules in making writing. The third statement comes from Yule; he states that â€Å"†¦writing as the symbolic representation of language through the use of graphic signs.†[16] The key terms are symbolic representation, and graphic signs. Symbolic representation means symbols which has the meaning. Graphic signs means the writing that made by people on a papers or any surface. It means writing is one of kinds of media which translated into meaningful symbol or letters on papers or any surface can be written upon. From the statements above, the writer concluded that the writing is ideas whose forms are using symbols. They are put on a page of paper that can be seen and have clear formats. Types of Writing According to Wishon and Burks there are four types of writing; there are Narration, Description, Expository, and Argumentation. Narration Narration is the form of writing used to relate the story of acts or events. Narration places occurrences in time and tells what happened according to natural time sequence. Types of narration include novels, short stories and news stories, as well as a large part of our everyday social interchange in the form of letters and conversation. Description Description reproduces the way things look, smell, taste, feel, or sound; it is may also evoke mood, such as happiness, loneliness or fear. It is used to visual image of people, places, even of units of time-days, times of day of the seasons. It may be used also to describe more than the outward appearance of people. It may tell about their traits character or personality. Exposition Exposition is used in giving information, making explanation, and interpreting meanings. It includes editorials, essays, informative and instructional material. Used in combination with narrative, exposition supports and illustrates. Used apart of narrative, it stands alone as an essay. Used alone or with narrative, exposition may be developed in a number of ways. Argumentation Argumentation is used in persuading and convincing. It is closely related to exposition and is often found combined with it. Argumentation is used to make a case or to prove or disapprove a statement of proposition.[17] From those types, the writer would focus on descriptive writing. Descriptive Writing The Understanding of Description Oshima and Hogue stated, â€Å"Descriptive writing appeals to the senses, so it tells how something looks, feels, smells, tastes, and/or sound.†[18] The key words are tells something looks, feels, smells, tastes, and sound. It means telling the readers about the characteristics and physical appearances of something. In other words, descriptive writing is telling the readers about something in particular by mentioning the characteristic and physical appearance. Similar with Oshima and Hogue, Wishon states, â€Å"Description gives sense impressions the feel, sound, taste, smell, and look of things.†[19] The key terms are gives impressions the feel, sound, taste, smell, and look of things. It means description telling the impressions of how something looks like. In other words description is describing of how something looks like. Trimmer assumed, â€Å"Description is a strategy for presenting a verbal portrait of person, place, or thing.†[20] The key terms are presenting a person, place, and thing. It means description is a composition that presents about person, place, or thing to others people. It can be inferred that writing is presenting about person, place, and thing. From those definitions above, the writer concluded that description is a way to describe the person, place, and thing about their physical appearances and characteristics that can be looked, felt, smelled, sound, and tasted. The Generic Structure Of Description According to Doddy et al, the generic structures of description are: Identification: Identifies phenomenon to describe. It means in this paragraph to describe about physical appearances. Description: Describe parts, qualities, characters. It means in this paragraph to describe about characteristic of the object and the detail information.[21] Research Methodology The Time and Location of the Research The research will be conducted in SMAN 41 Jakarta, 2013/2014 Academic Year on ________ 2014. The Population and Sample of the Research The population respondents will be taken from the students in tenth grade at SMAN 41 Jakarta, 2013 / 2014 Academic Year. The writer will take 60 students from two classes at SMAN 41 Jakarta which is chosen randomly. The Method of the Research The method of the research is a correlation method. To know the significant relationship between students’ self-confidence and learning achievements in descriptive writing of the tenth grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta. The Variable of the Research There are two variables of the research, they are: Independent variable (X): Self-confidence. Dependent variable (Y): Learning achievement in descriptive writing of the tenth grade of SMAN 41 Jakarta. The Instrument of the Research In this research, the writer will use a questioner to know the students’ self-confidence. Then, the writer will ask to the students to make the descriptive writing. The Technique of Data Analysis The data analysis of this research, the writer uses the quantitative research method; the writer processes and analyzes the data by using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The formulas as follows:[22] Notes: r: Pearson r (the coefficient of correlation). N: Population. X: the individual scores get from the writing task. Y: the individual scores get from the equivalent task. ∑X: total scores get from the writing task. ∑Y: total scores get from the equivalent task. ∑XY: total scores of X multiplied by Y. ∑X2: total scores of quadrate X. ∑Y2: total scores of quadrate Y. The Procedure of the Research In this research, the writer will be done steps in doing the research: Asking for permission to the chief of English Department in HAMKA University to do the research. Asking for permission letter to the HAMKA University to be given to SMAN 41 Jakarta. Asking for permission to the headmaster and the English teacher of SMAN 41 Jakarta to do research. Arranging the time to do research. Preparing the questioner of self-confidence and writing task for instrument of testing writing. Asking the students to answer the questioner and make the descriptive writing. Collecting the data. Analyzing the data. Making conclusion of the research Making a report of the research result. Bibliography Abrams, Zsuzsanna. http://coerll.utexas.edu/methods/modules/writing/01/, viewed on January 3, 2014 Azar , Betty Schrampfer. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar (Guide for Correcting Writing Error).New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching 4. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. _______. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching: Fifth Edition.. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Djamarah. 1994. Prestasi Belajar dan Kompetensi Guru. (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional. Doddy, Achmad. et al. 2008. Developing English Competencies: For Senior High School (SMA/MA) Grade X. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Fatimah. 2006. Psikologi Perkembangan: Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Bandung: Pustaka Setia. Gorrel, Robert M. and Charlton Laird. 1962. Modern English Hand Book. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs N.J Hakim , Thursan. 2002. Mengatasi Rasa Tidak Percaya Diri. Jakarta : Purwa Suara. Koswara. 1989. Teori Motivasi dan Penelitiannya. Bandung: PT Angkasa. Lock, Graham. 1997. Functional English Grammar; An Introduction for Second Language Teacher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Oshima, Alice and Ann Hogue. 1997. Introduction to Academic Writing: Second Edition. New York: Longman. Purwanto, M. Ngalim. 1996. Psikologi Perkembangan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Rakhmat. 2008. Psikologi Komunikasi: edisi revisi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Rose, Richard. The Internet Goes EFL (English as a Second Language), retrieved 30 May 2013. From www.cspp.strath.ac.uk/InetBrooking.pdf Sagala , Syaiful. 2003. Konsep dan Makna Pembelajaran. Bandung: PT Alfabeta. Soeito. 1974. Psikologi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Sumarsono, Sigit. 2013. Statistika Terapan: Dengan Alur Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. Jakarta: UHAMKA. Travers, John P. 1970. Fundamentals of Educational Psychology. Scrantom, Pensylvania: International Textbook Company. Wishon, George E. and Julia M. Burks. 1968. Let’s Write English: Complete Book. New York: Litton Educational Publishing Yule, George. 2010. The Study of Language: Fourth Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press. [1] Graham Lock. Functional English Grammar; An Introduction for Second Language Teacher.(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997), p. 219 [2] Richard Rose. The Internet Goes EFL (English as a Second Language), retrieved 30 May 2013. From www.cspp.strath.ac.uk/InetBrooking.pdf [3] Robert M. Gorrel and Charlton Laird, Modern English Hand Book, (New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs N.J, 1962), p. 1 [4] Rakhmat, Psikologi Komunikasi, edisi revisi, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008), P.46 [5] Koswara, E, Teori Motivasi dan Penelitiannya, (Bandung: PT Angkasa, 1989), P. 23 [6] Thursan, Hakim, Mengatasi Rasa Tidak Percaya Diri, (Jakarta : Purwa Suara, 2002), P.6 [7] Fatimah, Psikologi Perkembangan: Perkembangan Peserta Didik, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2006), P. 42 [8] Hakim, Op. Cit., P.20 [9] Syaiful Sagala, Konsep dan Makna Pembelajaran, (Bandung: PT Alfabeta, 2003), P. 12 [10] H. Douglas Brown, Principle of Language Learning and Teaching: fifth edition, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000), P.7 [11] M. Ngalim Purwanto, Psikologi Perkembangan, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 1996), P. 85 [12] Soeito, Psikologi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1974), P.5 [13] Travers, John P, Fundamentals of Educational Psychology, (Scrantom, Pensylvania: International Textbook Company, 1970), P.447 [14] Djamarah, Prestasi Belajar dan Kompetensi Guru, (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1994), P.19 [15] Zsuzsanna Abrams,http://coerll.utexas.edu/methods/modules/writing/01/, viewed on January 3, 2014 [16] George Yule, The Study of Language: Fourth Edition, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 212 [17] George E. Wishon and Julia M. Burks, Let’s Write English: Complete Book, (New York: Litton Educational Publishing, 1968), pp. 321-377 [18] Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue, Introduction to Academic Writing: Second Edition, (New York: Longman, 1997) P.50 [19] George E. Wishon and Julia M. Burks, Op. Cit., P.322 [20] Trimmer/Sommers, Writing With a Purpose: Mc Crimmon Short Edition, (†¦.. [21] Achmad Doddy et al, Developing English Competencies: For Senior High School (SMA/MA) Grade X. (Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008) P. 128 [22] Sigit sumarsono, Statistika Terapan: Dengan Alur Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa, (Jakarta: UHAMKA, 2013), P.114

Women in the Military :: Women in Military Essays

Men and women live in society jointly. According to the U.S. Constitution, all men are created equal, and thus includes women. Although everyone is considered equal, history of women in the military proves different. Many contributions have been given to the military by women for hundreds of years. 'Women's struggle for a place in the armed forces has been about seeking the full rights and responsibilities of citizenship' They have earned the right to the recruiting poster?s promise and challenge: 'Be All You Can Be'" Major General Jeanne Holm, USAF(Ret.) (Women 4 Mar 1998). Although the Military standards have been set, equal opportunity regardless of race, gender, or religion, "glass ceilings" are still in effect in the military. According to the Active Duty Military Personnel by Grade/Rank and Gender 1997 and 1995 chart, women are still stopped by a "glass ceiling". At the grade of O-10 from both 1997 and 1995, zero women had achieved this status. At O-9, two women and at O-8, three women respectively. For total officers in 1997 only 13.53% were women and total enlisted only 13.71% were women(Glass 4 Mar 1998). These facts and figures show the difficulty that women have had in breaking through the "glass ceiling" even today when women have proven themselves to be competent and successful. Women have served in the military for hundreds of years. The "official" history of the United States military begins in the 20th century with the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901 (American 4 Mar 1998). These women worked hard and dedicated to the troops and their country. They cared for the sick and wounded, identified and buried the dead, cooked, sewed, and laundered(American 4 Mar 1998). Although these women worked diligently and were dedicated, they were considered officially invisible and only earned half rations and earned the name Camp Followers(American 4 Mar 1998). Tending to the sick was considered woman?s work. Until 1901, they were civilian volunteers or contract workers who had no rank and received no benefits(American 4 Mar 1998). A bill was written by Dr. McGee to establish a permanent Nurse Corps of June 20, Congress passed this bill in 1901(American 4 Mar 1998). The United States Navy Nurse Corps was established on May 13,1908. At that time, no provisions had been made for rank and rating compensation equal to the Navy?s personnel(Women WWI 26 May 1999). In 1913 Navy nurses began serving on ships aboard the USS Mayflower and the USS Dolphin(American 26May 1999).

Implementing the Professional Learning Community Essay

Journal Requirements: Consider the benefits of the activities proposed in your discussion of professional learning communities. How can you implement these activities in your organization or how will you implement them in a future position that you will hold within an organization? Why would these benefit your organization or a future organization? What do you feel will be the outcome of this collaboration? Journal Response: Everhart In the world of education, the application of differentiated instructional strategies and instructional strategies in practice vary from school to school and individual to individual. Nevertheless, the goal is always the same no matter the location or the persons involved. Specific activities proposed during the discussion section of this week’s student requirement included the following: (cited from D1 response) 1. Teachers talk regularly about teaching and learning (As cited by Gregory, 2008, p. 6-7 according to Collins, 1998): Based on the cooperative teaching schedule shared by co-instructor, collaboration of assignments for specific group project are required as to meet the requirements of competencies as defined by the course syllabus. Instructor’s share what is working needs to be adjusted, deleted, or redefined as to allow for student success. (as posted by Everhart, 2013) 2. Teacher have shared planning time to develop lesson and share strategies during the day (as cited by Gregory, 2008, p. 6-7, according to Collins, 1998): Co-instructors who teach specific classes during the day, afternoon, and night share cooperative teaching and lesson plans as to meet the learning schedule needs of the students who attend. Usually there are more than one session of a specific class running during concurrent times (i. e. 9-1, 1-5, 6-10) all lessons, activities, test are the same as to allow a student to slide from one session to another if needed. (as posted by Everhart, 2013)) 3. Teachers share and support one another’s efforts (As cited by Gregory, 2008, p. 6-7, according to Collins, 1998): As department, bi-weekly meetings are held to discuss what is working well in one class and what is not and offer support or recommendations for change. As an institute, monthly training and campus information meetings are held to discuss growth of the institute as a whole, retention methods, and department and individual successes. (as posted by Everhart, 2013) 4. Training and development of new skills and knowledge are a collegial experience where teachers can share a common language, implement together, and coach one another (as cited by Gregory 2008, p. 6-7, according to Collins, 1998): All members of a college staff are required to have 12 hours of faculty training yearly and 12 hours of professional training. as posted by Everhart, 2013) However, as in any learning situatation awareness is a key component of increasing the mission of the institute as to meet the needs of the holistic community. In as much the following could be a consideration for implementation: 1. Teachers talk regularly about teaching and learning (As cited by Gregory, 2008, p. 6-7 according to Collins, 1998): a. Expansion of aforementioned application as cited by Everhart to increase communication as related to teaching and learning includes the preparedness of the team. Preparedness includes active communication and listening at i. Building level: faculty meetings/workshops, inter-departmental meetings, grade-level or subject area meetings, integrated regular-special education meetings, curriculum meetings, or team teaching and planning session ii. State-District level; faculty meeting, workshops, and development training session which focus on research, theory, problem-solving activities and/or implementation of standards 2. Teacher have shared planning time to develop lesson and share strategies during the day (as cited by Gregory, 2008, p. -7, according to Collins, 1998): b. Expansion if aforementioned application as cited by Everhart include: iii. increased planning time to develop lesson direct related to ‘team planning periods’. During such periods of time the team; grade level, subject area, and/or department 1. establish and clarify collaborative goals and objectives as related to teaching methods, curriculum implementation and/or teacher facilitation of expectations iv. define common goals as related to common core standards, student needs, curriculum application and/or assessment formative, summative, standardized) 3. Teachers share and support one another’s efforts (As cited by Gregory, 2008, p. 6-7, according to Collins, 1998): c. Expansion of aforementioned practices as cited by Everhart for implementation include: v. debriefing and problems-solving and/or celebrations of success including individual teachers, students, classrooms, departments or as the institute as a whole vi. providing additional support (mentors) for first year teachers, teachers changing grade levels or locations within the educational setting vii. hared responsibility and accountability for strengths and weakness which in turn support individuals and/or the team viii. assist each member of the collaborat ive team thus reaching individual/group needs for success in regards to student population and the mission of the learning institute 4. Training and development of new skills and knowledge are a collegial experience where teachers can share a common language, implement together, and coach one another (as cited by Gregory 2008, p. 6-7, according to Collins, 1998): d.  Expansion of aforementioned practices as cited by Everhart for implementation include: ix. Professional training seminars based on proven research, theory application and/or conceptual framework of best-practice tools during collegial interaction and/or seminars x. professional membership; NAEYC, specific to areas of study growth (CEU) In consideration of the improvement are the benefits as establish through implementation, institution who wish to improve â€Å"the quality of instruction, curriculum, and assessment in order to increase student achievement†¦. ocus on these components, evaluation evidence of them in their schools as they develop learning organizations that can manage and sustain change†. (Gregory, 2008, p. 3) On the other hand, implementing professional learning and expansion of skills does not require a teacher, department, team, or institute to be all things to every situation at all times. Rather, it calls on teachers, departments, the team, and the institute to be consistently mindful of structured meaning and authenticity of skills, communication, and collaboration, individuals and the group, supportive of practice and research on pedagogy. It is my personal belief that if implemented correctly with a manner of respect for all involved the ease of implementation will appear effortless. However, as noted in any given situation there are those engaged in the art of teaching who cannot see beyond the scope of their own beliefs therefore will attempt to create a diversion or disruption. The key, however, based on opinion, is to acknowledge the change as a whole, to recognize individual needs, while providing a rich, stimulating approach to create a productive learning environment.

Apophenia †Filling the Blanks

Apophenia - Filling the Blanks Apophenia Filling the Blanks Apophenia Filling the Blanks By Maeve Maddox Readers comments on What Does [Sic] Mean? point up the curious feature of the human mind that infuses meaning into the meaningless. I always thought it was an abbreviation for â€Å"Spelling Is Correct.† I think I read on this site that someone believed â€Å"sic† to stand for â€Å"said in context†. I had previously thought it was an acronym for â€Å"Spelled InCorrectly†. This type of fill-in-the-blanks reasoning is at work in elaborate conspiracy theories and when someone sees the face of Jesus in a tortilla. The tendency to find meaning in the partially-known is called apophenia: finding meaning or patterns where none exist. Unfamiliar with the source of the notation [sic], readers make use of the letters and the context to create something that makes sense to them. We all fall into this kind of fallacious reasoning at some time or another. Uncomfortable in a new situation, we hear laughter and are certain that the people are laughing at us. The narrative of the movie A Beautiful Mind revolves around the protagonists apophenic beliefs. For those of us who write fiction, some aspect of apophenia must be at work when we spin whole narratives out of a chance remark or the glimpse of an oddly-dressed person on a train. The human mind craves meaning. We look at our lives and see a meaningful narrative. We find evidence for beliefs that other people find preposterous. If you browse the Wikipedia articles that stem from the one on apophenia, youll find several types of this kind of thinking. One type is called Mortons Demon, named by Glenn R. Morton to explain what was at work in his mind when he believed in a widely-held theory he no longer believes in. Morton entered the study of physics believing firmly in creationist theory. His study of geology changed his belief. He then gave a name to the type of reasoning that had enabled him to believe in a theory with insufficient physical evidence: Mortons demon stands at the gateway of a persons senses and lets in facts that agree with that persons beliefs while deflecting those that do not. With a national election only days away, were being hammered with all kinds of assertions about the candidates. Its probably a good time for voters to watch out for apophenia in their thinking. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouHang, Hung, HangedIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Essays

Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Essays Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Paper Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Paper Acoustic guitar is type of guitar that uses acoustic method in projecting its sound. This sort of guitar is hollow and has a sound hole on its surface and largely they have six strings. They were most common in common people dances and laid-back vocals but their use has of tardily extended to blues and state music. Acoustic guitars are different from electric guitars in that the latter has more whistlings and bells than the former. In electric guitar. an amplifier is needed to project its sound whereas in acoustic guitars. merely a sound hole is needed in other words ; electric guitar requires electric power to play while acoustic guitar merely requires a sound hole. How do the two types of guitars compare and differ? This is what this research paper will chiefly concentrate on. Electric guitars harmonizing to Waring ( 2001 ; 112 ) were originally used in playing stone music but the first one to be used was in 1930 by a wind guitar player. Unlike in other merchandises where it is clear who invented them. in musical instruments is a bit different because it is non known who invented many of them but there are those who claim to be the one like Gibson who claims to hold invented an electric guitar. Most acoustic guitars have six strings but an electric 1 could hold even 12 strings. Unlike in an electric guitar where pickups that are connected to an amplifier are used to project the sound. it is different when it comes to acoustic guitar as where it the sound hole that is used to project the sound. Contrary to the electric guitar. ( Roth Arlen. 2002 ; 78 ) acoustic guitar is more complex both in its expression and in playing but one time you get used. it becomes an easy and gratifying thing. An electric guitar requires pickups to change over quivers that are made by the chords into an electric current. One of the advantages of utilizing this type of guitar is that the musical signals that are produced when one plays it could be altered electronically with some guitar effects such as deformation and reverb to accommodate your demands unlike in acoustic guitar where you have no pick apart from basking the preset sound which can non be altered electronically. ( Roth Arlen. 2002 ; 90 ) Whenever one intends to purchase a guitar. there are assorted factors that one should see but the most of import of these factors is whether you would be comfy with the sort of guitar you are meaning to purchase and the sort of music you want to play. The two types of guitars are used for playing music and are played with custodies nevertheless they differ in assorted ways. An electric guitar is much easier to play than acoustic and this is due to the manner it is designed. Electric guitar has strings that are near the stews thereby doing it easier to force the strings down without striving piece in acoustic guitar. you have to force the wires harder to the sound hole so that the produced sound would be amplified by the resonating chamber. In electric guitar there are pickups and an amplifier whose work is to better the quality of sound. ( Millard A. J. 2002 ) When it comes to comparing the size of the two guitars harmonizing to String Letter Publishing. ( 2000. 52 ) decidedly one finds that an electric guitar is smaller than acoustic guitar. This is because the latter requires heavier gauge strings that are used in doing quivers from its wooden top whereas an electric guitar has thinner wires and does non necessitate a broad top to do quivers as there are pickups that take the sound to the amplifier. The cervix of an electric guitar is besides thinner than that of the acoustic and for this ground. it is much easier to play an electric guitar because its design allows one to wrap custodies around it and allows one to place fingers in a manner that facilitates playing. Again when it comes to playing. one finds that an electric guitar is much easier toplay that the other 1. This is because the thin wires of an electric guitar do non necessitate to be pushed down harder than in acoustic guitar evidently novitiates who play acoustic guitar find themselves acquiring sores on their fingers unlike in electric 1s. An electric guitar could be played in different positions because you can keep it in many ways provided you are comfy but in acoustic you have no picks because the guitar is large. heavy and its high-strung organic structure makes it uncomfortable to play. When it comes to the monetary value of purchasing these guitars. their monetary value greatly differ in that an electric guitar costs twice the sum that acoustic guitar costs. The large difference in monetary value is because an electric guitar requires other appliances such as pickups. buttons and an amplifier that needs an excess sum of money but an acoustic guitar does non necessitate them. Therefore. if you don’t have a batch of money and you still want to play some music on your guitar so acoustic guitar is the best. ( Arlen R. . 2002. 98 ) Apart organize the monetary value. there are those who find electronic guitar to be confounding than acoustic guitar. They say that in the former you have to get the hang how to play its many buttons and bosss but the good thing about it is that you can non acquire sores on your fingers. Harmonizing to Cross ( 2008 ) . the two guitars play different functions in music because an electric guitar is largely used to play chords and guitar leads while acoustic guitar is used in thruming musical chords to many vocals. When people are make up ones minding what sort of a guitar they should purchase. they should non be guided by the form of the guitar but by the type of music that one intends to play for illustration. if you want to play stone music so the best pick is an electric guitar but if you want to thrum your favourite vocal you can travel for the acoustic guitar. ( Millard A. J. 2004. 34-38 ) Both the guitars are portable but one is more dependable than the other. If you want to travel bivouacing so acoustic guitar is the guitar you need. This is because an electric guitar requires electric power to play it but the other one don’t. You can merely transport your electric guitar if an lone if you are certain where you are traveling there is electric power because its amplifier can non work if there is no power. Another country where the two differ as per Roth Arlen ( 2002 ) is when it comes to the quality of the sound produced. Electric guitar produces better sound than acoustic. This is because electric guitars have adjustable pedals. cringle Stationss and buttons that improve the quality of the sound produced. Another good thing about this guitar is that you can maintain up with the times without purchasing a new guitar because its appliances can be replaced with more sophisticated 1s. ( Stringing Letter Publishing. 2000. 59 ) Acoustic merely like eclectic guitars come in different designs for illustration there are steel strings. classical guitar which has nylon strings and the lap steel guitar and in electric 1s we have acoustic electric that is modified with pickups alternatively of utilizing an excess mike. excavate bodied. solid bodied and another 1 with a metal organic structure. The two guitars have more differences than what they have in common. We have seen that an electric guitar is better than the other one but one should non be misled by the expressions of the guitar in fact it is the type of music you want to play and the ground for playing it should be the usher on the sort of guitar you need for illustration. if you want to entertain many people so an electric guitar is the best. An electric guitar is smaller than acoustic guitar but the latter is more portable than an electric guitar because it does non necessitate any electrical power. Plants Cited. Cross Dan. Electric vs. Acoustic Guitar. 2008. Accessed online at hypertext transfer protocol: //guitar. about. com/od/commonbeginnerquestions/a/rec_guitars. htm Millard A. J. The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon. JHU Press. 2004. Roth Arlen. Complete Acoustic Guitar: Complete Acoustic Guitar. Music Gross saless Group. 2002 Stringing Letter Publishing. Acoustic Guitar Owner’s Manual: The Complete Guide. Hal Leonard. 2000 Waring D. and Thomas D. R. Make Your Own Electric Guitar and Bass. Sterling Printing Company. 2001